Tạo đồng hồ chạy với HTML và CSS

Tạo đồng hồ chạy

Trong bài viết này tôi sẽ giới thiệu tới các bước để tạo đồng hồ chạy với HTML và CSS như hình dưới đây:

HTML

Cấu trúc HTML như sau, mình giải thích trong comment.

<div id="watch"><!-- Div cointainer của ví dụ -->
  <div class="frame-face"></div>
  <ul class="minute-marks"><!-- HTML của danh sách đánh dấu các phút -->
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
    <li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li><li></li>
  </ul>
  <div class="digital-wrap"><!-- HTML của box hiển thị giờ đang chạy -->
    <ul class="digit-hours">
      <li>23</li>
      <li>00</li><li>01</li><li>02</li><li>03</li><li>04</li><li>05</li>
      <li>06</li><li>07</li><li>08</li><li>09</li><li>10</li><li>11</li>
      <li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li>
      <li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li>
    </ul>
    <ul class="digit-minutes">
      <li>10</li><li>11</li>
      <li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li>
      <li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li>
      <li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li>
      <li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li>
      <li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li>
      <li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li>
      <li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li>
      <li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li>
      <li>00</li><li>01</li><li>02</li><li>03</li><li>04</li><li>05</li>
      <li>06</li><li>07</li><li>08</li><li>09</li>
    </ul>
    <ul class="digit-seconds">
      <li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li>
      <li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li>
      <li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li>
      <li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li>
      <li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li>
      <li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li>
      <li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li>
      <li>00</li><li>01</li><li>02</li><li>03</li><li>04</li><li>05</li>
      <li>06</li><li>07</li><li>08</li><li>09</li><li>10</li><li>11</li>
      <li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li>
      <li>18</li><li>19</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <ul class="digits"><!-- HTML số của giờ -->
    <li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li>
    <li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li>
  </ul>
  <div class="hours-hand"></div><!-- HTML của kim giờ -->
  <div class="minutes-hand"></div><!-- HTML của kim phút -->
  <div class="seconds-hand"></div><!-- HTML của kim giây -->
</div>
Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

CSS

Dưới đây là mã code cho ví dụ, mình có giải thích trong comment

/** Style cơ bản cho trang và container **/
body { font-size:62.5%; margin:1em; background:#232425 }
ul { list-style:none; margin:0; padding:0 }
#watch { font-size:1em; position:relative }
#watch .frame-face {
  position:relative;
  width:30em;
  height:30em;
  margin:2em auto;
  border-radius:15em;
  background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f9f9f9,#666);
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #f9f9f9,#666);
  background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #f9f9f9,#666);
  box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.8) .5em .5em 4em;
}
#watch .frame-face:before {
  content:'';
  width:29.4em;
  height:29.4em;
  border-radius:14.7em;
  position:absolute;
  top:.3em; left:.3em;
  background:
    -webkit-linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(246,248,249,0) 0%,rgba(229,235,238,1) 50%,rgba(205,212,217,1) 51%,rgba(245,247,249,0) 100%),
    -webkit-radial-gradient(center, ellipse cover, rgba(246,248,249,1) 0%,rgba(229,235,238,1) 65%,rgba(205,212,217,1) 66%,rgba(245,247,249,1) 100%);
  background:
    -moz-linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(246,248,249,0) 0%,rgba(229,235,238,1) 50%,rgba(205,212,217,1) 51%,rgba(245,247,249,0) 100%),
    -moz-radial-gradient(center, ellipse cover, rgba(246,248,249,1) 0%,rgba(229,235,238,1) 65%,rgba(205,212,217,1) 66%,rgba(245,247,249,1) 100%);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(246,248,249,0) 0%,rgba(229,235,238,1) 50%,rgba(205,212,217,1) 51%,rgba(245,247,249,0) 100%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(246,248,249,1) 0%,rgba(229,235,238,1) 65%,rgba(205,212,217,1) 66%,rgba(245,247,249,1) 100%);
}
#watch .frame-face:after {
  content:'';
  width:28em;
  height:28em;
  border-radius:14.2em;
  position:absolute;
  top:.9em; left:.9em;
  box-shadow:inset rgba(0,0,0,.2) .2em .2em 1em;
  border:.1em solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);
  background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #fff, #ccc);
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #fff, #ccc);
  background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #fff, #ccc);
}

/** Style cho các đánh dấu phút **/
#watch .minute-marks li {
  display:block;
  width:.2em;
  height:.6em;
  background:#929394;
  position:absolute;
  top:50%; left:50%;
  margin:-.4em 0 0 -.1em;
}
#watch .minute-marks li:first-child {transform:rotate(6deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(2) {transform:rotate(12deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(3) {transform:rotate(18deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(4) {transform:rotate(24deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(5) {transform:rotate(36deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(6) {transform:rotate(42deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(7) {transform:rotate(48deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(8) {transform:rotate(54deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(9) {transform:rotate(66deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(10) {transform:rotate(72deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(11) {transform:rotate(78deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(12) {transform:rotate(84deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(13) {transform:rotate(96deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(14) {transform:rotate(102deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(15) {transform:rotate(108deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(16) {transform:rotate(114deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(17) {transform:rotate(126deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(18) {transform:rotate(132deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(19) {transform:rotate(138deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(20) {transform:rotate(144deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(21) {transform:rotate(156deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(22) {transform:rotate(162deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(23) {transform:rotate(168deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(24) {transform:rotate(174deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(25) {transform:rotate(186deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(26) {transform:rotate(192deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(27) {transform:rotate(198deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(28) {transform:rotate(204deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(29) {transform:rotate(216deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(30) {transform:rotate(222deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(31) {transform:rotate(228deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(32) {transform:rotate(234deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(33) {transform:rotate(246deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(34) {transform:rotate(252deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(35) {transform:rotate(258deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(36) {transform:rotate(264deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(37) {transform:rotate(276deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(38) {transform:rotate(282deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(39) {transform:rotate(288deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(40) {transform:rotate(294deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(41) {transform:rotate(306deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(42) {transform:rotate(312deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(43) {transform:rotate(318deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(44) {transform:rotate(324deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(45) {transform:rotate(336deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(46) {transform:rotate(342deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(47) {transform:rotate(348deg) translateY(-12.7em)}
#watch .minute-marks li:nth-child(48) {transform:rotate(354deg) translateY(-12.7em)}

/** Style cho box hiển thị giờ **/
#watch .digits {
  width:30em;
  height:30em;
  border-radius:15em;
  position:absolute;
  top:0; left:50%;
  margin-left:-15em;
}
#watch .digits li {
  font-size:1.6em;
  display:block;
  width:1.6em;
  height:1.6em;
  position:absolute;
  top:50%; left:50%;
  line-height:1.6em;
  text-align:center;
  margin:-.8em 0 0 -.8em;
  font-weight:bold;
}
#watch .digits li:nth-child(1) { transform:translate(3.9em, -6.9em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(2) { transform:translate(6.9em, -4em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(3) { transform:translate(8em, 0) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(4) { transform:translate(6.8em, 4em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(5) { transform:translate(3.9em, 6.9em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(6) { transform:translate(0, 8em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(7) { transform:translate(-3.9em, 6.9em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(8) { transform:translate(-6.8em, 4em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(9) { transform:translate(-8em, 0) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(10) { transform:translate(-6.9em, -4em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(11) { transform:translate(-3.9em, -6.9em) }
#watch .digits li:nth-child(12) { transform:translate(0, -8em) }
#watch .digits:before {
  content:'';
  width:1.6em;
  height:1.6em;
  border-radius:.8em;
  position:absolute;
  top:50%; left:50%;
  margin:-.8em 0 0 -.8em;
  background:#121314;
}
#watch .digits:after {
  content:'';
  width:4em;
  height:4em;
  border-radius:2.2em;
  position:absolute;
  top:50%; left:50%;
  margin:-2.1em 0 0 -2.1em;
  border:.1em solid #c6c6c6;
  background:-webkit-radial-gradient(center, ellipse cover, rgba(200,200,200,0), rgba(190,190,190,1) 90%, rgba(130,130,130,1) 100%);
  background:-moz-radial-gradient(center, ellipse cover, rgba(200,200,200,0), rgba(190,190,190,1) 90%, rgba(130,130,130,1) 100%);
  background:radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(200,200,200,0), rgba(190,190,190,1) 90%, rgba(130,130,130,1) 100%);
}
#watch .digital-wrap {
  width:9em;
  height:3em;
  border:.1em solid #222;
  border-radius:.2em;
  position:absolute;
  top:50%; left:50%;
  margin:3em 0 0 -4.5em;
  overflow:hidden;
  background:#4c4c4c;
  background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #4c4c4c 0%,#0f0f0f 100%);
  background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #4c4c4c 0%, #0f0f0f 100%);
  background:-ms-linear-gradient(top, #4c4c4c 0%,#0f0f0f 100%);
  background:-o-linear-gradient(top, #4c4c4c 0%,#0f0f0f 100%);
  background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #4c4c4c 0%,#0f0f0f 100%);
}
#watch .digital-wrap ul {
  float:left;
  width:2.85em;
  height:3em;
  border-right:.1em solid #000;
  color:#ddd;
  font-family:Consolas, monaco, monospace;
}
#watch .digital-wrap ul:last-child { border:none }
#watch .digital-wrap li {
  font-size:1.5em;
  line-height:2;
  letter-spacing:2px;
  text-align:center;
  position:relative;
  left:1px;
}
#watch .digit-minutes li {
  animation:dsm 3600s steps(60, end) 0s infinite;
}
#watch .digit-seconds li {
  animation:dsm 60s steps(60, end) 0s infinite;
}

/** Style cho kim giờ phút giây **/
#watch .hours-hand {
  width:.8em;
  height:7em;
  border-radius:0 0 .9em .9em;
  background:#232425;
  position:absolute;
  bottom:50%; left:50%;
  margin:0 0 -.8em -.4em;
  box-shadow:#232425 0 0 2px;
  transform-origin:0.4em 6.2em;
  transform:rotate(-25deg);
  animation:hours 43200s linear 0s infinite;
}
#watch .hours-hand:before {
  content:'';
  background:inherit;
  width:1.8em;
  height:.8em;
  border-radius:0 0 .8em .8em;
  box-shadow:#232425 0 0 1px;
  position:absolute;
  top:-.7em; left:-.5em;
}
#watch .hours-hand:after {
  content:'';
  width:0; height:0;
  border:.9em solid #232425;
  border-width:0 .9em 2.4em .9em;
  border-left-color:transparent;
  border-right-color:transparent;
  position:absolute;
  top:-3.1em; left:-.5em;
}
#watch .minutes-hand {
  width:.8em;
  height:12.5em;
  border-radius:.5em;
  background:#343536;
  position:absolute;
  bottom:50%; left:50%;
  margin:0 0 -1.5em -.4em;
  box-shadow:#343536 0 0 2px;
  transform-origin:0.4em 11em;
  transform:rotate(62deg);
  animation:minutes 3600s linear 0s infinite;
}
#watch .seconds-hand {
  width:.2em;
  height:14em;
  border-radius:.1em .1em 0 0/10em 10em 0 0;
  background:#c00;
  position:absolute;
  bottom:50%; left:50%;
  margin:0 0 -2em -.1em;
  box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.8) 0 0 .2em;
  transform-origin:0.1em 12em;
  transform:rotate(120deg);
  animation:seconds 60s steps(60, end) 0s infinite;
}
#watch .seconds-hand:after {
  content:'';
  width:1.4em;
  height:1.4em;
  border-radius:.7em;
  background:inherit;
  position:absolute;
  left:-.65em; bottom:1.35em;
}
#watch .seconds-hand:before {
  content:'';
  width:.8em;
  height:3em;
  border-radius:.2em .2em .4em .4em/.2em .2em 2em 2em;
  box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.8) 0 0 .2em;
  background:inherit;
  position:absolute;
  left:-.35em; bottom:-3em;
}
/** Định nghĩa các keyframe **/
@keyframes hours { to {transform:rotate(335deg)} }
@keyframes minutes { to {transform:rotate(422deg)} }
@keyframes seconds { to {transform:rotate(480deg)} }
@keyframes dsm {
  to { transform:translateY(-120em) }
}
Code language: CSS (css)

Kết quả

Kết luận

Qua đây là một số chia sẻ về tạo đồng hồ chạy với HTML và CSS, mời bạn tiếp tục theo dõi các bài viết sau để hiểu rõ hơn về CSS.

Các bạn có thể tham khảo các bài viết hay về CSS tại đây.

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Hãy tham gia nhóm Học lập trình để thảo luận thêm về các vấn đề cùng quan tâm.